Legend of the Russian Diamond Library

Ancient emperors always hope that their rule can last forever, as strong and lasting as a diamond. This may be why Russian Tsar Peter the Great began collecting diamonds and jewelry.

At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter the Great issued a special order to protect the treasures, requiring the Chinese to not sell the precious jewels and jewellery in the room. The diamonds and jewels with a certain weight or more must be purchased by the royal family. In addition, Peter the Great is still searching for diamond jewellery around the world. Many small countries have learned that his heart is good enough to offer his best jewellery, and hope to get shelter and well-being.

Peter the Great built a mysterious building in the East Palace of St. Petersburg, where he lived. All the collected jewels were treasured inside, and the world called it a diamond library. After Peter the Great, the most obsessed with collecting jewelry was Empress Catherine II. If every woman in the world loves diamonds, then the woman who loves diamonds is Catherine II. Her obsession with diamonds is almost crazy, wearing neat diamonds every day, and the patterns are often refurbished. Her craftsmanship for diamond cutting and setting is extremely high, and the best diamond cutting experts in Russian history appeared during the era of Catherine II. Once there was a palace guard who bravely praised the empress's beautiful diamond ornaments, he was promoted to the head of the guard. The big and small officials then regarded the diamonds as the most direct way to promote the official. Once the Queen’s birthday, more than half of the tens of thousands of birthday gifts received were diamonds. The Queen's diamonds are not only inlaid into jewelry, but even the things she uses every day are studded with diamonds. She has a 17th-century Bible, and the silver cover is set with 3017 diamonds.

In the collection of the royal family for several generations, the Russian diamond library has become the most concentrated place for precious diamonds, of which there are three large diamonds in the top 10 in the light world.

The most famous is the "Orlov" diamond, which is currently the third largest diamond in the world, weighing 189.62 carats. At the beginning of the 17th century, a 309-carat rough diamond was found in the diamond sand mine in Golconda, India. According to the wishes of the Indian king at the time, a diamond processing expert planned to process it into a rose, but failed to do so. To make a lot of weight loss (only 189.62 carats are ground out). This wonderful diamond later became the eye of the Brahmin statue in the Temple of Seringah in India.

In 1739, after India was captured by the Persian king, the diamond was decorated on the throne of the Persian king. The diamond was stolen and fell into the hands of an Armenian. In 1767, Armenians deposited their diamonds in a bank in Amsterdam. In 1772, the diamond was again sold to the Russian imperial jeweler Ivan. Ivan sold the diamond to Earl Orlov in 1773 for 400,000 rubles. In the same year, Earl Orlov named the diamond "Orlov" and dedicated it to Catherine II as a gift for her name. Later, "Orlov" was welded into a carved sterling silver seat, set at the top of the Russian scepter. The diamonds with legendary experience make the scepter's majesty awesome, and Orlov is one of the most important collections in the diamond library.

In addition to Orlov, there are many world-class diamonds in the diamond library. "Paul I" weighs 130.35 carats. This fuchsia diamond was once set in the center of the Indian crown and was later owned by Peter the Great. The Persian Tsar weighs 99.52 carats and was inlaid in the crown of the Persian king and later owned by Tsar Wendi. Although Shah only weighs 88.7 carats, it is the only big diamond in the world to be engraved. The diamond was originally discovered in India and was owned by two Indian kings and then transferred to the hands of the Persian king. The three crystal faces of the diamond are engraved with the names of three kings. Each time they are transferred to the new owner, they will be engraved with the name of the new owner. To know that diamonds are extremely hard, it is difficult to write on them. The gem craftsman grinds some fine powder from the diamond, and then draws the powder with a pointed stick to give the diamond a lettering. After three engravings, the weight of Shahi changed from 95 carats at the time of discovery to 88.7 carats. In 1829, the Russian ambassador to Persia was stabbed to death, and the Tsar threatened to retaliate. In order to calm the anger of the Tsar, Prince of Persia, Horslev Mircha, led a delegation to St. Petersburg to plead guilty. The prince gave the tsar a treasure, this is the vicissitudes of "Shahe". Its value at the time seemed to be equivalent to a war between two countries. Since then, "Shahe" has been kept in Russia.

A single huge diamond has been amazed by the world, not to mention the mosaic of thousands of diamonds. The radiant crown is a collection of diamonds. It was specially crafted by the court jeweler for Catherine II in 1762. The top ten most important diamonds were removed from the crown of the European king at the time. The craftsman inlaid 4,936 diamonds in the crown, weighing a total of 2,858 carats, and the entire crown weighed 1,907 grams. The top of the crown is the heaviest spinel in the world, weighing 398.72 carats. Gemologists have long believed that this is a ruby, and later discovered that it was a rare spinel. At present, this spinel is one of Russia's “seven gems that must be protected”. It is worth mentioning that it was purchased by the Russians from Beijing in 2672 gold rubles.

The treasures of the diamond library can no longer be measured by market prices. It has become a symbol of the wealth of the Russian nation, but even the royal treasures have a time of stagnation. After the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the Tsar immediately ordered the transfer of these treasures from the East Palace to the Moscow Kremlin. During the transfer, a large part of the jewelry was lost due to the leaked message. According to one statement, about 75% of scattered diamonds and gemstones flow into the private sector.

During World War II, Russia also lost a considerable part of the treasures, including the Amber Hall, which is known as the "Tianjin No. 1 Jewelry Box." In 1711, King Frederick I of Prussia ordered the construction of an amber room. The amber room is square and covers an area of ​​about 200 square meters. It shares 6 tons of amber and is decorated with diamonds, emeralds and rubies. Its value is not only reflected in the amazing concentration of wealth, but also a masterpiece of Baroque art. Five years later, Frederick I's son, Emperor William I, gave an amber room to Peter the Great to celebrate the alliance between Prussian and Russia. Peter the Great gave the amber room to the diamond store. In the middle of the 18th century, Catherine II ordered the craftsmen to renovate the hall. The amber room became a magnificent hall and became an amber hall.

When the decoration was finally completed in 1770, the hall was dazzling, and 565 candles illuminate the entire hall. The candlelight shines on the jewels and is dazzling... In the fall of 1941, the German army that invaded the Soviet Union occupied the palace of the original Yekaterina II. Hitler ordered the amber hall to be dismantled, loaded into 27 wicker boxes and shipped back to Germany to house the city of Krolevitz (now Kaliningrad). In 1943, the war turned sharply. The hall fell back into the hands of the Soviets, and the amber hall was dismantled and packed by the Germans, hiding in the Teutonic Knights Castle and the nearby bomb shelter. In August 1944, the Allies bombed the city of Krolevitz and razed the Teutonic Knights Castle. Since then, the whereabouts of the Amber Hall are unknown. Countless treasure hunters are now looking for the Amber Hall, but there is still no news so far.

The preserved diamond library was dusted in the basement of the Kremlin for eight years. In 1922, the National Committee of the Soviet Union identified these treasures and decided to save them by the National Treasure Hall, which is now managed by the Russian National Institute of Precious Metals Gemstones. Although many treasures have been lost, there are more than 25,300 carats of diamonds, 1,700 carats of large sapphire, 2,600 carats of small sapphires, 2,600 carats of rubies and many large and round fine pearls.

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