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BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhuanet) -- According to the website of the Chinese Consulate General in Barcelona, ​​in recent years, many European cities, including Barcelona, ​​Spain, have suffered terrorist attacks, causing casualties and alarming for local Chinese citizens.
Data map: August 18, local time, Rambla Street, Barcelona, ​​Spain, after the terrorist attacks, the police strengthened patrol security.
Mastering the necessary basic methods of terrorist attacks and self-help and mutual assistance in emergencies is of great significance for safeguarding the safety of Chinese citizens. To this end, the Chinese Consulate General in Barcelona has specially prepared guidelines to help Chinese citizens effectively prevent and respond to terrorist attacks.
First, common terrorist attacks
(1) Conventional means
1. Explosion, bomb explosion, car bomb explosion, suicide bombing, etc.;
2, shooting, pistol shooting, standard rifle or submachine gun shooting;
3. Hijacking, hijacking people, hijacking cars, boats, planes, etc.;
4, arson;
5, the car hits the rolling.
(2) Unconventional means
1. Nuclear and radiation terrorist attacks. Through nuclear explosions or the spread of radioactive materials, causing environmental pollution or exposure of personnel to radiation;
2. Bioterrorism attacks. Harmful use of pests or pest products to invade people, crops, livestock, etc.
3. Chemical terrorist attacks. Use toxic and harmful chemicals to invade people, important urban infrastructure, food and drinking water.
4. Cyber ​​terrorist attacks. Use the network to spread terrorist attacks, organize terrorist activities, attack computer programs and information systems.
Second, how to identify terrorist suspects
Personnel with the following characteristics should be vigilant: those who are panicked, who are abnormal in words and deeds; those who dress or carry articles that are obviously inconsistent with their identity, or who are not in harmony with the season; frequent entry and exit of large-scale activities; repeated appearances near the warning zone; suspected of local police notification Suspects.
Third, the basic response
(1) Understand the location of emergency facilities
Emergency facilities are available in public places in Barcelona, ​​and the location of alarm buttons, evacuation passages, fire-fighting facilities and emergency exits should be known in advance.
(2) Basic evacuation method
· Keep calm, identify where you are, follow the instructions of the Spanish police or staff, and evacuate in an orderly manner;
· Select the channel, evacuate from the safe passage when an emergency occurs, do not use the elevator. Some of Barcelona's building safety passages are narrow, and should be evacuated in a safe and orderly manner to avoid stepping on. When crowded, if possible, grasp the solid things such as stairs, temporarily avoiding, and leave the scene quickly after the crowd passes;
· Don't be greedy for property, don't return to danger;
· Do your own protection, such as covering the vulnerable parts of the body with objects and not close to the window glass. Do not advance against the flow of people to avoid being pushed to the ground.
(3) Basic ambulance knowledge
If a person is injured, he should be sent to the doctor in time, but if there is no medical condition, take necessary rescue measures as appropriate.
· Hemostasis: The purpose is to reduce the blood flow rate, prevent a lot of blood loss, and lead to shock coma.
·Fixation: Fix the fractures and joint injuries. The purpose is to avoid new damage to the human body at the fracture end, reduce pain and facilitate handling.
· Burn first aid: Wash the wound with plenty of clean water unless the wound is black, white or too deep; do not apply ice directly to the wound; do not puncture the blisters; gently remove the ring, watch, belt or tight clothing; A non-stick cloth covers the wound.
· Shock first aid: to avoid the person being too cold or overheated, use a blanket or coat to keep warm; if there is no fracture, the injured person's feet are raised about 30CM; do not drink or feed the injured person; pay attention to the awake degree of the injured person to report to the rescuer.
· Respiratory obstruction First aid: If the breathing disorder occurs due to injury, maintaining the pressure difference between the chest pressure and the external atmospheric pressure is the key to ensuring smooth breathing.
Fourth, all kinds of terrorist attacks
(1) How to deal with the scene of the explosion?
If you encounter an explosion in a wide-scale venue such as a large stadium, you should quickly and orderly away from the scene of the explosion; if you encounter an explosion in a narrow space such as an entertainment venue, you can quickly hide or fall down, and look for simple shelters to protect important parts of the body and Organs, do not use a lighter to ignite the illumination, so as to avoid another explosion or burning; if an explosion occurs in the subway, the train alarm button should be quickly pressed to enable the driver to obtain an alarm signal on the monitor and rely on the fire equipment inside the vehicle to extinguish the fire. During the operation of the train, do not have dangerous actions such as sliding doors, smashing windows, and jumping.
When evacuating, it should be done quickly and orderly to avoid crowding and trampling, causing casualties; pay close attention to observe the safety evacuation instructions and signs in the venue; if there is large smoke, look for simple protective objects such as clothes, paper towels, etc. Evacuate in a low position; do not waste time due to greed for property; when making an alarm call, it should describe the occurrence and development of the incident objectively and in detail; pay attention to observe suspicious persons, suspicious objects at the scene, and assist the police in investigation.
(2) How to deal with terrorist hijacking?
· Keep calm and don't resist;
· No confrontation, no dialogue, slow action;
· Do not act that causes the gunman to resent or doubt, such as squatting, using a mobile phone, gestures, whispering, yelling, crying, etc.
· Always keep your hands in your head or crouching posture, while keeping your body as close as possible, and facing the wall to provide attached objects;
· Keep and hide your communication tools as much as possible, change the mobile phone to mute in time, and use the short message to ask the police for help. The main content of the short message: your location, the number of hostages, the number of terrorists, etc.
· Pay attention to the number of terrorists and leaders, so as to provide testimony afterwards;
· At the moment of the police launching the assault, as far as possible on the ground, leaving the scene under the cover of the police.
(3) How to deal with arson attacks?
In the face of arson attacks, there are "seven bogey", which are: avoid panic, avoid blind screaming, avoid greed, avoid opening doors and windows, avoid taking the elevator, avoid running freely, avoid jumping off the building easily. The following measures should be taken:
· Pay attention to the evacuation route, safety exit and stair orientation of the place, so that you can escape from the scene as soon as possible;
·If a fire occurs and the fire is not large, and it has not caused a major threat to people, fire equipment can be used to extinguish the fire while ensuring its own safety;
· In case of heavy smoke, keep calm, quickly judge dangerous places and safe places, decide ways to escape, and evacuate the danger as soon as possible;
· For easy protection, use a towel or a mask to lick your nose and squat. If the smoke is lighter on the upper part, it should be evacuated close to the ground to avoid inhalation of smoke and filtration of poison gas. If you need to pass through the fire-blocking area, you can pour cold water on your head or body, or wrap your head and body with a wet towel, wet quilt, wet blanket, etc.
· Try to stay in places such as balconies and windows that are easy to be spotted and avoid fireworks. You can shake the bright clothes out of the window, or throw light and dazzling things outside; you can use the flashlight to flash or knock on the window at night to send out an effective distress signal in time;
· In high-rise buildings, if the safety passage is blocked and there is no professional lifting equipment, and if the rescuers can't arrive in time, you can use the ropes or sheets, curtains, clothes, etc. to make a simple lifeline and wet it with water. Slowly slide from the window sill or balcony along the rope to the lower floor or the ground to escape safely;
· If you are in the house, the door has been hot. At this time, once the door is opened, the flame and smoke will come to the face, such as the escape route is cut off and no one is rescued in a short time. You can take the method of creating shelters and sticking to the shelter: you should close the doors and windows that are welcoming the fire, open the doors and windows of the backfire, cover the door with wet towels, wet cloth, or wet the cotton with water; then do not stop the water Pass through the room to prevent fireworks from infiltrating; stay in the room until rescuers arrive;
(4) What should I do if I encounter a car crash?
·When you hear the roar of the high-speed operation of the vehicle motor, you need to be vigilant and quickly observe the abnormal situation of the surrounding road surface;
·When you see a vehicle colliding and rolling over, you should quickly run to the sides to avoid collision with rolling vehicles;
· Quickly avoid the area covered by hard objects to prevent the vehicle from making a secondary collision;
· In case of ensuring personal safety, call the alarm phone in time to explain the time, place, vehicle situation and simple passage;
·Check for injury in time, if it is allowed, you should send it to the doctor in time. If you cannot send it to the doctor, you should carry out self-help or mutual rescue for the emergency injury;
(5) How to deal with the gun attack?
· Quickly squat or kneel, hidden under or behind a table, sofa, column, etc.;
· If you hear the outside shooting sound indoors, don't come out to watch it, avoid it on the side of the sofa or bed in time, don't hide behind the door or in the closet;
· Timely alarms on the premise of ensuring their own safety, explaining the time, place, characteristics of the attackers and the main process;
·Check the injury, save each other and rescue each other;
• Afterwards, assist in providing on-site information to the police to assist the police in investigations.
Five, practical information
· Consular Protection and Telephone Assistance to the Consulate General in Barcelona · Ministry of Foreign Affairs Global Consular Protection and Service Emergency Call Center Tel: 0086-10-12308 · Catalonia Autonomous Region Emergency Command Center, Tel: 0034-112·Cataloni Mossos D"Esquadra" alarm call 0034-112 · Catalonia fire alarm phone 00004-080 · Guardia Urbana alarm phone 00004-092 · Spanish National Police (Policia Nacional) alarm phone 0034- 091·Guardia Civil Alarm Call 00004-062
(Editor: Yu Zhendong HF103)
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