China's chemical fiber industry layout and structure of the status quo, problems and countermeasures

At present, China’s chemical fiber production accounts for 40.1% of the world’s total, which is 4.18 and 4.77 times that of Taiwan, the world’s second largest in the world, and the third largest in the world, respectively, accounting for 9.6% of world production. 8.4%), China has become a veritable chemical fiber industry power.

China's chemical fiber industry has a production capacity of approximately 17 million tons, which also accounts for more than 40% of the world's total production capacity. The layout of the chemical fiber industry is mainly concentrated in the eastern part. Its production capacity has reached 14.4 million tons, accounting for 90% of China's total chemical fiber production capacity; the central part has only 1.28 million tons, accounting for 8%; and the western part has only 320,000 tons, less than 2%. In the east, production capacity is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, two major chemical fiber industry provinces.

In terms of species structure, China's chemical fiber products are dominated by synthetic fibers, accounting for 92.24% of total production, and viscose fibers only account for 7.76%. Among the synthetic fibers, polyester fibers were the main varieties, and their production accounted for 86.6% of the synthetic fibers. The remaining nylon fibers, acrylic fibers, polypropylene fibers, and vinylon fibers accounted for only 5.1%, 5%, 2.1%, and 0.26%, respectively. This is basically consistent with the demand structure of the textile industry.

In scale structure, enterprises with an annual output of more than 50,000 tons have increased from 63 in 2003 to 80, but there are still more than 240 companies with 50,000 tons or less, accounting for about 30% of the production capacity. Only 18 companies with a capacity of more than 200,000 tons accounted for approximately 40% of the total production capacity, and their average production capacity also increased to 400,000 tons per year.
Second, there are problems

1. Facing both supply and demand constraints. As international oil prices soared, the prices of upstream raw materials for the chemical fiber industry began to rise. In particular, polyester's raw materials were constrained by the supply and prices of the international market. In terms of downstream manufacturing, demand for chemical fiber began to slow due to a bumper cotton harvest and production capacity began to appear surplus.

2. The main raw material Polyester's capacity grows too fast too fast. From 2001 to 2004, the new polyester production capacity was nearly 11 million tons, an increase of nearly quadrupled. It is estimated that by the end of 2005, the total domestic polyester production capacity will reach 22.12 million tons, which will seriously exceed the actual demand.

There is a serious shortage of domestic supplies of PTA/MEG, which can only rely on imports. In 2005, the average polyester production capacity was 19.3 million tons. If operated at an average load of 74%, it will consume about 12.3 million tons of PTA and nearly 7 million tons of imports. It will consume about 4.8 million tons of MEG and nearly 3.6 million tons of imported MEG.

While the polyester production capacity grew too fast, the average annual operating rate of the downstream looms was only 62% in the whole year, a decrease of 12.8 percentage points from 2003. Downstream enterprises have only about 12 million tons of polyester fiber processing capacity, and actually consume about 10 million tons of domestic polyester (removing more than 1.2 million tons of recycled polyester fiber and about 550,000 tons of net imported polyester fiber). The total amount of polyester that fiber polyester can consume is about 11.5 million tons, so there is at least over 4.5 million tons of excess capacity.

As the downstream weaving digestion capacity is limited, the average polyester composite load in 2004 decreased by 5 percentage points, only about 78%, of which small polyester due to the production of conventional slicing waste, high cost, poor quality, most of the conversion has been differentiated Slice, the operating rate has been around 25%.

3. Companies fail to meet economies of scale requirements. Taking polyester as an example, there are more than 240 companies with an annual output of 50,000 tons or less, accounting for 75% of the production capacity, and only 30% of production capacity. Only 18 companies account for only over 20 million tons, accounting for only 5.6%, and the production capacity accounts for 40% of the national total. 4. The regional layout is too concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. More than 70% of the production capacity and output of major chemical fiber products are concentrated in Zhejiang and Jiangsu, and other regions have only a sporadic distribution. In particular, the advantages of raw material production areas cannot play a role, which is not conducive to the development of chemical fiber industry and textile industry in the central and western regions.

Third, countermeasures and suggestions

1. Improve China's polyester raw materials self-sufficiency rate. The serious shortage of raw materials has become the biggest constraint factor in the operation and development of China's chemical fiber industry. The import dependence of the main raw materials of synthetic fibers is as high as 60% on average, of which the polyester raw material MEG is 77.7% higher, and the nylon raw material CPL is also above 65%. 2004 The PTA's import dependency was also 56.4%.

At present, the construction of PTA/MEG devices in China obviously fails to keep pace with the development of the polyester industry. Therefore, the state may consider appropriately relaxing the approval of projects so that more private capital and foreign capital can enter the chemical fiber raw material industry and fundamentally solve the problem that raw materials are heavily dependent on imports.

2.Adjust the import tariff of polyester raw materials properly to reduce the cost of polyester factory